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How to become an Investment Banker

By CL -
0

In a world infested with unending career choices, Investment Baking is often looked upon as a highly attractive career. To become an Investment Banker is an accomplishment in itself. It involves exhaustive effort and unwavering dedication. So if you dream to one day join this highly lucrative career, it is best that you know your facts and find out as much about the profession as you possibly can. Read on to get a better sense of what Investment Banking is all about before you begin the highly exciting journey of pursuing a career in Investment Banking:

Investment Banking in simple terms:

To put it simply, Investment Banking is the art of providing financial and advisory services. Investment Bankers act as intermediaries between potential investors i.e. those who have the money to invest, and corporations, i.e. those who require the capital to grow and run their business. Our take? It is not as complex as it is made out to be.

What Investment Bankers do:

The assistance of an Investment Banker is often sought by clients in the following areas:
• Underwriting – Capital raising and underwriting groups work between investors and companies that want to raise money or go public via the IPO process. This function serves the primary market or “new capital”.
• Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) – Advisory roles for both buyers and sellers of businesses, managing the M&A process start to finish.
• Sales & Trading – Matching up buyers and sellers of securities in the secondary market. Sales and trading groups in investment banking act as agents for clients and also can trade the firm’s own capital.
• Equity Research – The equity research group research or “coverage” of securities helps investors make investment decisions and supports trading of stocks.
• Asset Management – Managing investments for a wide range of investors including institutions and individuals, across a wide range of investment styles.

The most common job titles (from most junior to senior) in Investment Banking are:

• Analyst
• Associate
• Vice President
• Director
• Managing Director
• Head, Vice Chair, or another special title

Certifications for Investment Banking in India:

A career as vibrant as investment banking demands you get equipped with an equally vibrant and resourceful certification. While you may find certifications online, it is advisable that you get yourself the right certification, because, truth be told, you will only get certified in investment banking once.

CFA – The right certification for Investment Banking Enthusiasts:

CFA stands for Chartered Finance Analyst. Internationally recognized as the gold standard in finance and investment banking, the CFA or Chartered Financial Analyst is an investment management certification course. It is offered by the CFA Institute, United States. It is ideal for those professionals and budding individuals who have the ambition to build a thriving career in investment banking. This certification is valued in investment manage firms around the world.

Investment Banking ambitions + Investment Banking Coaching = Recipe for Success:

Now that we have established that the CFA Charter is a certification of repute, it goes without saying that to become an investment banker, CFA is a leading certification that you should ideally pursue. To become an Investment Banker is a whole new ball game altogether. It involves getting the right coaching from the right institute because right mentor-ship can go a long way in terms of making or breaking your career dreams. If it is of interest to you, check out the CFA Certification Preparation Program for investment banking by Career Launcher.

Why you should choose Career Launcher:

Career Launcher (CL) is India’s leading knowledge services company. It is focused on diverse segments of education, and caters to learners from multiple age-groups. Led by a team of highly qualified IIT-IIM alumni professionals with a burning passion for delivering excellence in education, CL has today established itself as an edu-corp which is recognized for its excellence across an impressive spectrum of segments, including test preparation, professional skilling and vocational training.

Why you should choose Career Launcher for Investment Banking:

Career Launcher’s CFA training program is tailor made to suit every student’s needs from all backgrounds. Additionally, Career Launcher’s CFA Program is beginner-friendly, and is thus ideal for both finance and non-finance students. The curriculum is very carefully designed to ensure that no student is left behind. Moreover, Career Launcher’s success in its other finance related coaching in FRM stands as a hallmark of excellence of its Finance Specialist Mentors, which goes on to show that Career Launcher’s star faculty will do what it takes to ensure that its students meet their career goals.

Edge to Law student in UPSC Civil Service Examination

By CL -
0
 

Law and order are the medicine of the body politic and when the body politic gets sick, medicine must be administered. -B. R. Ambedkar.

Civil services exam is one of the toughest exams in India. After clearing it, officers get an opportunity to take part in the administration of the country and thereby contribute to nation building. In UPSC Civil Service examination, there are three stages: Prelims, Mains and Interview. Marks of the Preliminary exam are not included in the final score thus Mains Exam has a major part to play in the selections. So, an optional subject is a part of the Mains exam, plays a very significant role in your final selection. Now, dilemma starts for choosing an appropriate optional subject which will give an edge for getting higher marks in mains examination. To help aspirant overcome this dilemma and to make the right choice, we came up with a complete guide to a popular optional in CSE examination i.e. Law. There is a long list of students who cleared civil service examination with Law as optional subject.

Law student coverage in GS papers-
The convergence point of law student’s syllabus and UPSC Law optional is an analytical understanding of topics. We can say in a simplistic way, a law student has a deep understanding of our constitution, and the constitution (polity) covers a significant part of GS Paper-2. There is a lot more coverage of syllabus of law students in UPSC civil service examination i.e. In Ethics, Topics like Public/Civil services values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions, can handle very easily by law students. In Essay paper, framing and implementation of ideas are most important, and, law student already has the ability to proper framing of ideas. In GS paper-1, critical approach of an administrative policy of British rules, the impact of British laws in Indian society, role of British law to overcome from social evils, are some prospective approach, that, law students are well aware. So, ultimately, it depends on how you can harness your ability to achieve your dreams.

Law as optional subject-
The knowledge of Law immensely give the clear picture of your job profile, it means you have a virtue of understanding the correctness from the moral as well as an administrative point of view. The work profile of a civil servant is to maintain law and order and act as an administrator. So, he should a better understanding of the law. This aspect shows that understanding of Law is required to act as an efficient administrator.
There is easy availability of material and also the syllabus is easy to understand which ultimately help to perform better. It takes 2-3 month time to complete an optional subject, which is comparatively less time if we look at a few other optional subjects.

In Paper I, the sections divide as Constitutional & Administrative Law and International Law. Paper 1 of the Law optional has conceptual parts. It examines the ability to examine constitution and international affairs.

In Paper II, the sections divide as Law of Torts, the Law of Contracts, the Law of Crimes and Contemporary Legal Developments. Paper 2 of the Law optional has the technical part. It examines the ability to analyze different aspects.

Now we can conclude with a positive note that law provides a great opportunity to be superior in civil services. If aspirants keep themselves updated and ready to analyze every aspect, with a logical and intelligent approach, he/she can achieve desired results.

Can I crack CLAT without Maths?

By CL -
0
 

CLAT syllabus has a mathematics section of 20 marks. For further clarity, the CLAT syllabus consists of:

• General knowledge and current affairs (50 marks)
• Legal aptitude (50 marks)
• English grammar and comprehension (40 marks)
• Logical reasoning (40 marks)
• Elementary Mathematics (20 marks)

While Mathematics section appears to have the least marks concentration, it would be unwise to leave it out altogether. The known number of applicants who write CLAT every year is roughly around 50,000 or more (or less). This clearly justifies the level of competition. And, for an exam as competitive as 50,000 individuals fighting for their seat, every single mark is indeed an advantage. Of these many candidates fighting for a chance, roughly around 1,000 students get the privilege of securing a seat into top Indian law schools.

How to tackle Maths in CLAT?

CLAT math syllabus can be broken down into these 4 categories:

• Arithmetic
• Commercial Mathematics
• Mensuration
• Modern Mathematics
• Data Interpretation

Unlike the other sections of the CLAT exam, the Elementary Mathematics section is less subjective and more straightforward. The point here is, not only does the section contain straightforward questions but it also has the minimum weightage.

The very reason that mathematics section consists only of 20 marks is why you shouldn’t drop it. Considering the weightage, with selective studying (referring to past questions) Elementary Mathematics can be covered under a few weeks. This will ensure full section coverage and plus, it will help in overall scoring as well.

When we look at the past CLAT toppers record, one of the most evident features is the scoring pattern. It is noticeable that the score pattern runs 35-40 in legal aptitude, 30-35 for GK, and so on. This goes on to show that leaving out a section is a risk you don’t want to take. Every section is a chance to add marks to your overall scores.

So to answer the ever-interesting question of, ‘can I crack CLAT without maths,’ the answer is yes. One can definitely crack CLAT exam if the other sections are spot-on to shine exact or beyond the cut-off range. The loophole here is the next infamous question, ‘Is it wise to leave out mathematics’, the answer is no. As mentioned earlier, it would be dangerously unwise to leave out the one section which gives you the leverage of 100% accuracy. At the end of the day, it all rests upon you to decide which path you wish to choose. But please look at it in different lights then decide, as the decision will impact your opportunities to fulfill your LLB dreams.

Best of luck for CLAT!

How can I crack CLAT in 40 days?

By CL -
0
 

CLAT, also known as (Common Law Admission Test) is a law entrance examination. It was first conducted in the year 2008 by the National Law School of India University. The test gives examinees the leverage of admission opportunities to enter premier law colleges of India. It’s conducted by 18 law colleges of India in accordance with the date of different law institutes’ establishment.

Currently, CLAT exam scores are officially accepted (but not limited) by 18 law colleges. There are other 43 education institutes and further, two public sector institutes that accept CLAT exam score as well.

CLAT Syllabus

CLAT consist of multiple choice questions with a division of five sections. The time duration of the exam is 2 hours. For every right MCQ answer, 1 mark is awarded. For every wrong MCQ answer, there is a negative marking of -0.25. Below listed are the syllabus topics and the score division structure:

• General knowledge and current affairs (50 marks)
• Legal aptitude (50 marks)
• English grammar and comprehension (40 marks)
• Logical reasoning (40 marks)
• Elementary Mathematics (20 marks)

CLAT is an aptitude based paper and hence, a traditional exam-preparation approach won’t be of much help. However, despite the existence of the traditional learning method, it does require test skills. And, because of the massive concentration on problem-solving and logical reasoning, it makes the exam highly competitive. In order to be able to crack CLAT exam within a preparation time-frame of 1 month to 40 days, consider the following:

Getting familiar with past CLAT trends:
The best way to start off any project is to understand the past mechanism. The same is for CLAT. Familiarize yourself with the past CLAT trends, so it’s easier to know how it’s done and where you should start. Make sure you know the syllabus and the structure like the back of your hand. Go through the previous years’ question papers. Solving the past question papers aid in fueling the preparation because not only does it enable clarity but also covers the practice sessions.

Joining institute for classroom experience:
While there are many ‘how to crack CLAT without coaching’ articles going around, please remember that the suggestion of enrolling oneself into a reputed and reliable institute is a choice. If you’re someone who believes that you perform better under professional guidance, don’t hesitate to sign up. A good coaching center doesn’t mean the pressure will be gone, but it helps you balance the pressure thereby leading to a calmer and strategized learning.

Practice and practice and more practice:
The preparation actually escalates with practice. The simplicity of logic here is, the more you practice the more equipped you will be for the exam. Time your test practices, this way you will be able to analyze your time-run as well. When it comes to practicing the mathematics section, keep a strong focus on accuracy. The key tip is to always use short-cuts whenever possible. Apply basic formulas like profit/ loss/ % to save time and have the question solved quicker.

Stay updated with current affairs and General knowledge:
This is probably the most advised for exams involving competition, that is, ‘Be updated with current affairs’. Because CLAT has a section of general knowledge and current affairs for 50 marks, you want to make sure you cover these two areas. General Awareness is an ocean of information which is almost impossible to know every fact by heart. The trick here is to tackles the sections which are most likely to come. And, this can be done by going through the previous years’ question paper and get an idea on the areas focused for the GK questions.

How to prepare for CLAT in one month or how to prepare for CLAT in 40 days isn’t something that comes on a plate to be eaten as breakfast. The easiest way to crack CLAT isn’t set on stone. It’s all about strategic and rational preparation. Also, it takes vehement determination and dedication. Keep motivating yourself and don’t forget to keep taking online mocks amidst all the preparation hustle. Good luck for CLAT 2019!

Last minute tips to crack CLAT

By CL -
0
 

Now that Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is only two months away, the hour is now to fuel the preparation more than ever. While it is very normal for pressure and anxiety to lurk into the mind during these months, there are always ways to handle it in calmer ways. In fact, sometimes it is the jitter and the nerves that pushes one to do even better.

The first and utmost thing is to put away any kind of cynicism. Complete positivity is a luxurious mantra that cannot be possessed by all. But you must try and stay absolutely positive about the exam.
Believe in all the studying you have done and avoid rushing to cover new topics in the last minute. This isn’t going to help you because actions that are done while panicking, mostly end reckless. Stay calm and give it your best. Here are some last-minute CLAT preparation tips in an attempt to help cope with nerves and perform better:

• When you’re making your study chart, make sure you have carved out time for revision. While last minute revision is a good thing, last-minute studying (new topics) isn’t. Revise the topics you’ve already completed to make sure you don’t forget.
• As far as legal aptitude goes, the analysis based on past CLAT trends depicts more weightage on Reasoning over Knowledge. Hence, play according to the CLAT wind and make sure you solve the past Reasoning questions to give yourself the maximum leverage.
• Continue to do quick revisions for general knowledge. Though this section may not require as much practice session as Mathematics section, it does need timely memory-refreshing revisions. Apply the same method for English and logical reasoning.
• While some things are predictable and one can prepare for it, there are every now and then elements of surprises that come with CLAT exam. Do not be surprised on coming across extra-terrestrial questions. Go through the all the sections and start your attempt with the familiar questions first.

Keep in mind that every right answer carries one mark and every wrong answer carries a negative marking of -0.25. Do not rush to answer the questions you’re not sure of as this may lead to a reduction of marks. Lastly, please ensure you have everything necessary ready such as, roll number, admit card, photograph, etc., on the exam day.

Good luck with the preparation and for CLAT 2019!

Start preparing for CLAT 2019 today

By CL -
0
 

CLAT exam 2019 is announced to be conducted on May 26, 2019 by National Law University Odisha. It has been decided to be an offline exam with the time frame of 2 hours. The paper consists of 200 questions. 1 mark is awarded for every right answer, and -0.25 is deducted for every wrong answer. These are objective questions and it includes 5 sections:

• English
• General Knowledge
• Elementary Mathematics
• Legal Aptitude
• Logical Reasoning

One of the most commonly asked question is about the prefect hour to start the preparation for CLAT. While it seems silly to be asking such question, it is actually quite overwhelming. Hence, a sense of direction is always beneficial. The major reason behind the popularity of this question is because most young aspirants looking towards law as their future worry about the quality of their law entrance examination performance. A solid preparation is the key towards getting a brilliant score which will then enable admissions into top law schools.

When to start preparing for CLAT 2019?

The perfect time to start preparing for any exam is a myth. It is non-existential. The reason it remains non-existential is because learning has no season. Every new day is an opportunity to start preparing or studying.
Keeping the perennial character of learning/studying, some aspirants begin as early as 1oth grade while some begin right after their 12th boards. The important thing to remember is that as long as you’re starting the preparation with enough time to cover the topics, it is going to be alright. Whenever your preparation starts, be in during 11th grade or 12th grade, ensure a window of time that is enough to cover the exam pattern, topic sections, concepts and its applications.

How to start preparing for CLAT 2019?

CLAT 2019 syllabus consists of 5 sections which include English, General Knowledge, Elementary Mathematics, Legal Aptitude, and Logical Reasoning. The safest time to reserve for CLAT exam preparation is roughly 9-10 months. During this period, start with absorbing and understanding the basics. Eradicate any kind of doubts that are unclear. This way, there won’t be any unnecessary tangle while moving on to solving new questions.
If you’ve done your research, it is advised by professionals and experts that the best preparation strategy is to break the time frame into phases.

As mentioned above, the first phase can be conceptualization, learning and absorption of the subjects. The second phase can be the doubt-clearing phase. The final phase should be the revision and practice session. The final phase should also involve solving as much mock-tests as possible. However, this doesn’t mean one cannot solve mock-tests during the first phase itself.

Good luck!

Paper Analysis of CBSE Class X Math 2019

By Team CL -
0
 

On March 7, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducted the first major exam for Class X, namely, Mathematics. An estimated 16.4 lakh students appeared for the exam that was conducted from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.

This year, CBSE had set the questions in such a way that different sets had different question papers. Consequently, the difficulty level of the papers varied. Nevertheless, most of the students Career Launcher representatives interacted with said that they did not face any difficulty in solving the paper.

Majority of the students were quite happy after the exam; and believed that the paper was easier than that of last year. They did not find any problem in completing the paper in the given time period of 3 hours. Rohan, from Cambridge School, expressed that the question paper was easy; and expected to score more than 75 marks. Neha from  was sure she will score 80+. Section D was almost unanimously considered to be most difficult and time consuming. Many questions were almost similar to those asked in the previous years. All the questions were directly taken from NCERT books; and none was out of syllabus.

Format of the question paper

There were 30 questions divided into four sections. Section A had 6 questions of 1 mark each; Section B too had 6 questions, but of 2 marks each; Section C had 10 questions of 3 marks each; while Section D had 8 questions of 4 marks each. There was no overall choice, but internal choice was provided for a few questions (for example, in two questions of 1 mark, two questions of 2 marks, four questions of 3 marks, and three questions of 4 marks). Students had to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions. 

Section No. of questions Marks per question Internal Choice
Section A 6 1 2
Section B 6 2 2
Section C 10 3 4
Section D 8 4 3

 

Career Launcher’s view

According to Career Launcher’s CBSE mentors, the Math paper was easy. However, questions from the Trigonometry section were a bit difficult and time consuming. Those who have solved previous years’ question papers would have found a lot of similar questions. In conclusion, it was a good beginning to the Class X Boards.

SSC – Combined Higher Secondary Level (10+2) 2018 Examination Notification is released.

By CL -
0
 

For those of you who have been looking forward to giving your SSC Higher Secondary Level Exams this year, here is your reason to celebrate. The Exam Notification for 2018 SSC 10+2 Exams is officially released and here is what you should know about the exam:

Important Dates:

How to apply:

Applications must be submitted in online mode only at the official website of SSC Headquarters i.e. https://ssc.nic.in.

Application Fee:

• Fee payable: Rs 100/- (Rs one hundred only).
• Women candidates and candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Persons with Disabilities (PwD) and Exservicemen (ESM) eligible for reservation are exempted from payment of fee.

Posts:

1. Lower Division Clerk (LDC)/ Junior Secretariat Assistant (JSA)
2. Postal Assistant (PA)/ Sorting Assistant (SA)
3. Data Entry Operator (DEO)
4. Data Entry Operator ‘Grade A’

Vacancies:

Vacancies will be determined in due course. Updated vacancy position will be uploaded on the website of the Commission from time to time (https://ssc.nic.in->Candidate‟s Corner-> Tentative Vacancy).

Educational Qualification (as on 01.08.2019):

• For LDC/ JSA, PA/ SA, DEO (except DEOs in C&AG): The candidates must have passed 12th Standard or equivalent examination from a recognized Board or University.

• For Data Entry Operator (DEO) in the Office of Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG): The candidate should have passed 12th Standard in Science stream with Mathematics as a subject from a recognized Board or equivalent.

Scheme of Examination:

The examination will consist of a Computer Based Examination (Tier-I), Descriptive Paper (Tier-II) and Skill Test/ Typing Test (Tier-III).

Tier-I (Computer based Examination-Objective type):

Tier-II (Descriptive Paper)

• Tier-II Paper will be a descriptive Paper of 100 Marks in “Pen and Paper‟ Mode.
• The duration of the Descriptive Paper would be for one hour (20 minutes compensatory time will also be provided to the candidates eligible for scribes as per Paras 8.1 and 8.2 above).
• The Paper would comprise writing of an Essay of 200-250 words and a Letter/ Application of approximately 150-200 words.
• The minimum qualifying marks in Tier-II would be 33 per cent.
• The performance in Tier II would be included for preparing merit.
• The paper will have to be written either in Hindi or in English. Part paper written in Hindi and Part in English will be awarded zero marks.

Tier-III (Skill Test/ Typing Test):

• Skill Test/ Typing Test for the qualified candidates will be conducted on computers provided by the Commission or its authorized agency.
• Skill Test/ Typing Test will be conducted in the cities where Regional Offices of the Commission are located or as decided by the Commission.
• Skill Test/ Typing Test will be of qualifying nature.

Pay Scale:

Age limit (as on 01.08.2019):

• Minimum age: 18 years (completed) as on 01.08.2019.
• Maximum age: 27 years as on 01.08.2019.

Age Relaxations (as on 01.08.2019):

To go to the official link of the Notification, click here.

To prepare for your SSC Exam with the top coaching institute for SSC in India, click here.

LIC-AAO (Life Insurance Corporation of India Assistant Administrative Officer) 2019 Exam Notification released

By CL -
0

For those of you who have been looking forward to the release of exam notifications for banking exams, good news awaits. The Exam Notification for LIC AAO 2019 has been officially released! Here’s what you need to know about the exam.

Important Dates:

Candidates are advised to regularly keep in touch with the authorized LIC website www.licindia.in for details and updates.

Total Number of Vacancies: 590

The Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Economically Weaker sections and Persons with Benchmark Disabilities shall be as under:

SC: Scheduled Caste; ST: Scheduled Tribe; OBC: Other Backward Classes; EWS: Economically Weaker Section; UR: Unreserved; PwBD: Persons with Benchmark Disabilities; LD: Locomotor disability; VI: Visual Impairment; HI: Hearing Impairment; ID: Intellectual disability; MD: Multiple Disability

Educational Qualification:

• For AAO (Generalist): “Bachelor’s Degree in any discipline from a recognized Indian University/Institution”.

• For AAO (IT): Graduation degree in Engineering in Computer Science, IT or Electronics, or an MCA, or an MSC(Computer Science) from a recognized Indian University/Institution.

• For AAO (Chartered Accountant):

o Bachelor’s Degree from a recognized Indian University/Institution and Candidate should have passed Final Examination of Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and completion of Articles as presented by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
o The candidate should be Associate member of Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
o Candidates should provide their membership number and the same will be verified with Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

• For AAO (Actuarial):

o Bachelor’s Degree in any discipline from a recognized Indian University/Institution and Candidates should have compulsorily passed paper CT1 and CT5 plus 4 or more other papers of the examination conducted by the Institute of Actuaries of India / Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, UK. (Total 6 or more papers) as on the date of eligibility i.e. 1st March, 2019.
o Candidates should provide their membership number and the same will be verified with Institute of Actuaries of India / Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, UK.

• For AAO (Rajbhasha):

Post Graduate Master’s Degree in Hindi/Hindi translation with English as one of the subjects at Bachelor’s Degree level OR Post Graduate Master’s Degree in English with Hindi as one of the subjects at Bachelor’s degree level OR Post Graduate Master’s Degree in Sanskrit with English and Hindi as subjects at Bachelor’s degree level.

Eligibility Conditions (as on 01.03.2019):

• Minimum age: 21 years (completed) as on 01.03.2019.
• Maximum age: Not more than 30 years (candidates must have been born not earlier than 02.03.1989 and not later than 01.03.1998 both days inclusive only are eligible)

Age Relaxations:

Relaxations in upper age limit for Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe(ST)/Other Backward Community(OBC)/ Emergency Commissioned Officers (ECO) /Short Service Commissioned Officers (SSCO) /Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) /Confirmed LIC employees shall be as under :

Selection Procedure:

Selection of Assistant Administrative Officers will be done through a three tiered process and subsequent Pre- recruitment Medical examination.

Phase-I: Preliminary Examination:

Preliminary Examination consisting of objective test will be conducted online. The test will have three sections (with separate timings for each section) as follows:

IMPORTANT: English Language test will be of qualifying nature and the marks in English Language will not be counted for ranking.

Phase-II : Main Examination:

Main Examination will consist of objective tests for 300 marks and descriptive test for 25 marks. Both the objective and descriptive tests will be online. The objective test will have separate timing for every section. Candidates will have to answer descriptive test by typing on the computer. Descriptive test will be administered immediately after the completion of the objective test.

Main Examination for recruitment of AAO (Generalist):

IMPORTANT: English Language test will be of qualifying nature and the marks in English Language will not be counted for ranking.

Main Examination for recruitment of AAO ( IT/ Chartered Accountant / Actuarial):

IMPORTANT: English Language test will be of qualifying nature and the marks in English Language will not be counted for ranking.

Main Examination for recruitment of AAO (Rajbhasha):

IMPORTANT: English Language test will be of qualifying nature and the marks in English Language will not be counted for ranking.

Guidelines for Examination (Preliminary and Main examination):

Please note that candidates will not be permitted to appear for the online examination without the following documents:

• Valid Call letter for the respective date and session of Examination
• Photo Identity proof (as specified) in original bearing the same name as it appears on the call letter/ application form and
• Photo copy of photo identity proof (as mentioned in (2) above)

Give yourself the best chance at cracking this exam by preparing with Career Launcher: India’s leading education company.

The Indus Water Treaty

By CL -
0
 

The ‘non-military preemptive’ strike carried out by India is the culmination of a long-advocated line of action to eliminate the menace of terrorism. Another measure, proposed on the economic front, is to stop the supply of India’s share of water from the Indus river system.

The Indus Water Treaty (IWT), an over-50-year-old agreement between India and Pakistan, deals with sharing of water of six rivers flowing from India into Pakistan. These are Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum (the “western” rivers) and Beas, Ravi, and Sutlej (the “eastern” rivers). Despite the classification, all these rivers flow from North India to Pakistan, running almost parallel for some distance. However, none of them originates in India but in Tibet, Afghanistan, and the Himalayas. Before meeting the Arabian Sea in Pakistan, all of them merge into the Indus — making it the largest of all; and giving the treaty its name.
The estimated average annual flow in the western rivers is about 166 km3, while the corresponding figure for the eastern rivers is about 41 km3 (1 km3 is equal to about 114,000 m3 per hour of water flow).

Before Partition, almost all of the water from these rivers used to flow towards Pakistan; while after Partition, claim on this water became open. Post the initial years of temporary arrangement, during which both the parties were not satisfied — and after a grueling nine-year negotiation brokered by the World Bank — an agreement was reached in September, 1960, as per which, usage of water was divided into two categories: consumptive and non-consumptive. Non-consumptive use refers to purposes such as generation of power, navigation, fishing, etc.

As per the agreement, India got the right to use water from the eastern rivers for consumption, whereas water from the western rivers was for Pakistan. This meant a 20:80 sharing between India and Pakistan. However, India was given the right to use water from western rivers for non-consumptive purposes, most important of which was generation of power. Some amount of water was also available to India for irrigation.

The treaty also envisaged constitution of a permanent water commission, which would be given the right to visit the other country’s facilities once in five years. Incidentally, members from Pakistan visited the Indian side of the Indus water system very recently in January.

The treaty also specified a 10-year transition period, during which India was required to supply water from the eastern rivers also to Pakistan. This was incorporated to allow Pakistan to build adequate facilities, dams, canals, etc., so that areas supplied by eastern rivers could also be connected with the western ones.

This made sense, as the volume of water in the western rivers was sufficient to meet the needs. Almost two-thirds of Pakistan now lies in the basin of the Indus water system. While India had the right to use this water after the transition period, it did not build sufficient dams, canal system, etc., in its territory to divert the water flow. India is using only about 94% of its share. In this context, in December 2018, the government had approved one of the projects that was under planning for over a decade. However, it would still take another 3–4 years before the project is completed.

While the stoppage of water supply after such a long period is certain to meet with lot of resistance, a clause in the agreement gives India the freedom to do so. The clause specifically states that no country can claim right over the other’s share, even if the other country is not using its share fully. It is this clause that India would use even though Pakistan has been receiving India’s share of water for decades.

While the impact may not be too heavy, but it cannot be ignored, either.

Ashish Agrawal
Founder, India Business Analysis | IIT Roorkee, IIM-C alumnus

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